Here is a list of footnote and bibliographic entries you may come across in your proofreading.
| Source Type | Full/shortened footnote | Bibliography entry |
|---|---|---|
| Annual report (print or online) | 1. Author/Organization, Title of Annual Report, Page Range, URL. | Author/Organization Name. Title of Report. URL. |
| Audio CD/vinyl (classical) | 1. Performer First and Last Name (role), Composition/Track/Album Title, by Composer Names, with Ensemble, and/or Conductor information, recording date, on Disc Title, Label Publisher #, Year, format. 2. Performer Last Name, Short Title, Composer/performer information. | Performer Last Name, First Name. Title of Work. With Ensemble, and Conductor, recording date, on Disc Title, Record Label #, Year, format. NB: You can choose to emphasize the composer/performer/conductor by placing their name at the beginning if you wish. |
| Audio CD/vinyl (non-classical) | 1. Performer First and Last Name (role), Composition/Track/Album Title, with Other Contributor Name (role), recording date, on Disc Title, Label Publisher #, Year, format. 2. Performer Last Name, Short Title, Composer/performer information. | Performer Last Name, First Name. Title of Work. With Other Contributor Name (role), recording date, on Disc Title, Record Label #, Year, format. |
| Blog | 1. Author First and Last Name, “Title of Post,” Blog Name, Date, URL. 2. Author Last Name, “Shortened Title.” | Author Last Name, First Name. “Title of Post.” Blog Name, Date. URL. |
| Book | 1. Author First and Last Name, Title of Book (Place of Publication: Publisher, Year), Page Range. 2. Author Last Name, Title of Book, Page Range. | Author Last Name, First Name. Title of Book. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year. |
| Book review (in journal, in print or online) | In Print: 1. Reviewer First and Last Name, “Title of Review,” review of Title of Book, by Book Author First and Last Name, Name of Journal issue no., no. (Date of Publication): Page Number. 2. Author Last Name, review of Title of Book in Review, Page Number. Online: | In Print: Reviewer Last Name, First Name. “Title of Review.” Review of Title of Book, by Book Author First and Last Name. Journal Name issue no., no. (Date of Publication): Page Range. Online: |
| Book review (in newspaper, in print or online) | In Print: 1. Reviewer First and Last Name, “Title of Review,” review of Title of Book, by Book Author First and Last Name, Name of Newspaper, Date of Publication, Page Number. 2. Author Last Name, review of Title of Book in Review, Page Number. Online: | In Print: Author Last Name, First Name. “Title of Review.” Review of Title of Book, by Book Author First and Last Name. Newspaper Name, Date of Publication, Page Range. Online: |
| Chapter of an edited book | 1. Author First and Last Name, “Title of Chapter,” in Title of Book, ed. Editor First and Last Name (Place of Publication: Publisher, Year), Page Range. 2. Author Last Name, “Short Title,” Page Range. | Author Last Name, First Name. “Title of Chapter.” In Title of Book, edited by Editor First and Last Name, Page Range. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year. NB: In a note, cite specific pages. In the bibliography, include the page range for the chapter or part. |
| Code of ethics (print or online) | Print: 1. Organization Name, Title of Code of Ethics (Place of Publication: Publisher, Year), Page Number. 2. Organization Name, Short Title, Page Number. Online: | Print: Organization Name. Title of Code of Ethics. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year. Online: |
| Conference paper (published in book or journal form) | See chapter in a book or journal article referencing. | |
| Conference presentation (unpublished) | 1. Author First and Last name, “Title of Conference Paper,” (paper presented at Name of Conference, Place of Conference, Date), Page Range. 2. Last Name, “Short Title,” Page Range. | Author Last Name, First Name. “Title of Paper.” Paper presented at Name of Conference, Place of Conference, Date. |
| Course material | 1. Author First and Last Name, “Material Title,” Course Code at University Name, Access Date, URL. 2. Last Name, “Material Title.” | Author Last Name, First Name. “Material Title.” Course Code at University Name. Access Date. URL. |
| Data set | 1. Author First and Last Name/Organization Name, Title of Data Set, Year, distributed by Name of Distributor, DOI/URL/Database Name, any other important information to identify the data set. 2. Author Last Name, Short Title. | Author Last Name, First Name/Organization Name. Title of Data Set, Date. Distributed by Name of Distributor. DOI/URL/Database Name. Any other important information to identify the data set. |
| Dictionary (hardcopy and online) | Hardcopy: 1. Dictionary Name, # ed., s.v. “Entry Name.” Online: | Hardcopy: Author Last Name, First Name. “Entry Title.” In Dictionary Name. Publisher, Year. Online: |
| Dissertation or thesis (published) | 1. Author First and Last Name, “Title of Dissertation” (PhD diss., Publisher, Year), Page Range, URL. 2. Author Last Name, “Shortened Title,” Page Range. | Author Last Name, First Name. “Title of Dissertation.” PhD diss., Publisher, Year. URL. NB: If a thesis, write out “Master’s thesis” in place of PhD diss. |
| Dissertation or thesis (unpublished) | 1. Author First and Last Name, “Title of Dissertation” (Unpublished PhD diss., Year), Page Range, URL. 2. Author Last Name, “Shortened Title,” Page Range. | Author Last Name, First Name. “Title of Dissertation.” Unpublished PhD diss., Year/Accessed Date. URL. NB: If a thesis, write out “Master’s thesis” in place of PhD diss. |
| eBook (online) | 1. Author First and Last Name, Title of Book (Place of Publication: Publisher, Year), Page Range, URL/Database Name. 2. Author Last Name, Title of Book, Page Range. NB: If there are no page numbers, use section, chapter, or any other number in any. If none, omit. | Author Last Name, First Name. Title of Book. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year. URL/Database Name. |
| eBook (on reader) | 1. Author First and Last Name, Title of Book (Place of Publication: Publisher, Year), Page Range, eReader Type. 2. Author Last Name, Title of Book, Page Range. NB: If there are no page numbers, use section, chapter, or any other number in any. If none, omit. | Author Last Name, First Name. Title of Book. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year. eReader Type. |
| Edited book | 1. Editor(s) First and Last Name(s), ed(s)., Title of Book (Place of Publication: Publisher, year), Page Range. 2. Editor(s) Last Name(s), Short Title, Page Range. | 1st Editor Last Name, First Name and 2nd Editor First and Last Name, eds. Title of Book. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year. |
| eJournal article | 1. Author First and Last Name, “Title of Article,” eJournal Name issue, no. (Month/Season Year): Page Range, URL/DOI/Database Name. 2. Author Last Name, “Shortened Title,” Page Range. | Author Last Name, First Name. “Title of Article.” Title of eJournal issue, no., (Month/Season Year): Page Range. DOI/URL/Database Name. NB: Journal articles often list many authors, especially in the sciences. If there are four or more authors, list up to ten in the bibliography; in a note, list only the first, followed by et al. (“and others”). For more than ten authors (not shown here), list the first seven in the bibliography, followed by et al. |
| Encyclopedia entry (hardcopy or online, authored) | Hardcopy: 1. Author First and Last Name, “Entry Title,” in Encyclopedia Name (Publisher, Year). 2. Last Name, “Entry Title,” Page Number. Online: 4. Last Name, “Entry Title.” | Online: Author Last Name, First Name. “Entry Title.” In Encyclopedia Name. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year. Accessed Date. URL/DOI. |
| Encyclopedia entry (hardcopy or online, unauthored) | Hardcopy: 1. Encyclopedia Name, # ed., s.v. “Entry Name.” 2. Encyclopedia Name, s.v. “Entry Name,” page number. Online: 4. Encyclopedia Name, s.v. “Entry Name.” | Hardcopy: Encyclopedia Name. s.v. “Entry Name.” # ed. # vols. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year. Online: NB: Major dictionaries and encyclopedias, as well-known reference works, are normally cited in notes and not in bibliographies. The facts of publication are often omitted, but the edition must be specified if it is not the first. References to an alphabetically arranged work cite the item (not the volume or page number) preceded by s.v. (sub verbo) “under the word”; pl. s.vv. |
| Exhibition (catalog) | 1. First and Last Name, Title of Exhibition (Place of Publication: Publisher, Year), Page Range. 2. Last name, Short Title of Exhibition, Page Number. | Last Name, First Name. Title of Exhibition. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year. Additional information about the exhibition as needed. |
| Foreign language title (book) | Author First and Last Name, Title of Book [Translation of Title if Available] (Place of Publication: Publisher, Year), Page Range. 2. Author Last Name, Title of Book, Page Range. NB: Use square brackets for any information you feel is useful/relevant but is not included in the original source. However, you do not have to provide a translation of the source title. | Author Last Name, First Name. Title of Book [Translation of Title if Available]. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year. |
| Government publication (Online or in print) | Online: 1. Name of Government Department, Agency or Committee, Title of Government Publication, Date of copyright or modification or access, Page Number [if available], URL. 2. (Shortened Footnote): Name of Government Department, Shortened Title, Page Number. In Print: 4. (Shortened Footnote): Name of Government Department, Shortened Title, Page Number. | Online: Name of Government Department, Agency or Committee. Title of Government Publication. Date of copyright or modification or access. URL. In Print: |
| Gray literature (brochures, pamphlets, fact sheets etc.) | 1. Corporate Author, Title of Gray Literature, (Place of Publication: Publisher, Year), Page Number (if any). 2. Corporate Author, Short Title of Gray Literature, Page Number (if any). | Corporate Author. Title of Grey Literature. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year. |
| Illustrated book (hardcopy or online) | Hardcopy: 1. Author First and Last Name, Title of Book, illustr. Illustrator First and Last Name (Place of Publication: Publisher, Year), Page Range. 2. Author Last Name, Title of Book, Page Range. Online: | Hardcopy: Author Last Name, First Name. Title of Book. Illustrated by Illustrator First and Last Name. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year. Online: |
| Image (digital stock image or clip art) | 1. Source Name. [Add Description of Image Here if No Title], [n.d.], Material or Medium, Location, URL. 2. Artist Last Name, [Shorted Image Description]. | Source Name. [Add Description of Image Here if No Title]. [n.d.] Material or Medium. Location. URL. NB: Add as much information as possible so that another person could find/access the image. Do not list Google images as the source of an image. |
| e.g. | 1. Bowdoin College. [Graphic of Bowdoin Polar Bear], [n.d.], B&W image, Bowdoin College Polar Bears, http://athletics.bowdoin.edu/landing/index. 2. Bowdoin College, [Graphic]. | Bowdoin College. [Graphic of Bowdoin Polar Bear]. [n.d.] B&W image. Bowdoin College Polar Bears. http://athletics.bowdoin.edu/landing/index. |
| Image or painting (real life) | 1. Artist’s First and Last Name, Title of Artwork, Year, medium, dimension, location, Institution Name. | Artists’ Last Name, Artist’s First Name. Title of Artwork, Year. Medium, dimension. Location, Institution Name. |
| Interview (by author or between two other people) | By Author: 1. Interviewee First and Last Name, interview by author, Date of interview. Between Two People: 3. Interviewee Last Name, interview. | By Author: Interviewee Last Name, First Name. Interview by author, Date. Between Two People: NB: Time should be listed in ##:## format. |
| Journal article (submitted and accepted for publication) | 1. Author First and Last Name, “Title of Article,” Journal Name, forthcoming. 2. Author Last Name, “Shortened Title.” | Author Last Name, First Name. “Title of Article.” Journal Name, forthcoming. |
| Journal article (submitted but not yet accepted for publication) | 1. Author First and Last Name, “Title of Article,” Journal Name, submitted date, page number. 2. Author Last Name, “Short Title,” Page Number). | Author Last Name, First Name. “Title of Unpublished Journal Article.” Name of Journal, submitted Month Day, Year. URL/Location. |
| Journal article (printed) | 1. Author First and Last Name, “Title of Article,” Journal Name issue, no. (Month/Season Year): Page Range. 2. Author Last Name, “Shortened Title,” Page Range. | Author Last Name, First Name. “Title of Article.” Journal Name issue, no., (Month/Season Year): Page Range. NB: Journal articles often list many authors, especially in the sciences. If there are four or more authors, list up to ten in the bibliography; in a note, list only the first, followed by et al. (“and others”). For more than ten authors (not shown here), list the first seven in the bibliography, followed by et al. |
| Online journal article (as opposed to ejournal articles; ejournals are only available online) | 1. Author First and Last Name, “Title of Article,” Journal Name issue, no. (Month/Season Year): Page Range, URL/DOI/Database Name. 2. Author Last Name, “Shortened Title,” Page Range. | Author Last Name, First Name. “Title of Article.” Journal Name issue, no., (Month/Season Year): Page Range. URL/DOI/Database Name. NB: Journal articles often list many authors, especially in the sciences. If there are four or more authors, list up to ten in the bibliography; in a note, list only the first, followed by et al. (“and others”). For more than ten authors (not shown here), list the first seven in the bibliography, followed by et al. |
| Pre-print journal article (e.g., PubMed Central or PsyArXiv) | 1. Author First and Last Name, “Title of Preprint Journal Article,” preprint, submitted date, Page Number, URL. 2. Author Last Name, “Short Title,” Page Number. | Author Last Name, First Name. “Title of Pre-print Journal Article.” Preprint, submitted date. URL. |
| Lecture content (online course) | 1. Author First and Last Name, “Lecture Title,” Course Code at University Name, Access Date, URL. 2. Last Name, “Lecture Title.” | Author Last Name, First Name. “Lecture Title.” Course Code at University Name. Access Date. URL. |
| Lecture slides NB: For unrecorded classroom lectures, or if the public has no access to the URL, then see Personal comms | See Online Lecture Content or Course Materials as needed. For in-person lecture notes/slides, cite in the text only. | |
| Magazine article (hardcopy and online) | Hardcopy: 1. Author First and Last Name, “Title of Article,” Magazine Name, Date of Publication, Page Range. 2. Author Last Name, “Shortened Title,” Page Range. Online: 4. Author Last Name, “Shortened Title,” Page Range. | Hardcopy: Author Last Name, First Name. “Title of Article.” Magazine Name, Date of Publication. Online: NB: Page numbers, if any, can be cited in a note but are omitted from a bibliographic entry. Date goes in Month Day, Year format. For example: April 20, 2023. |
| Movie/film | 1. Film Title, directed by Director’s Name (year of original release; distributor details, year of edition cited), format/URL. 2. (Shortened Title): Short Title. | Director Surname, First Name, dir. Film Title. Year of original release; Distributor details, year of edition cited. Format/URL. NB: Format includes DVD, Youtube video, Streaming service, etc. Add other contributors as needed, such as performers. Be sure to add their roles as needed. |
| Movie/film (foreign language) | 1. Director First and Last Name, dir., Title of Film [Translation of Title if Available], produced by Producer First and Last name, written by Writer First and Last Name (Location of Production: Production Co./Publisher, Year), Format, Length. 2. (Shortened Title): Last Name, Short Title. | Director Last Name, First Name, dir. Title of Film [Translation of Title if Available]. Produced by Producer First and Last Name, written by Writer first and Last Name. Location of Production: Production Co./Publisher, Year. Format, length. NB: Format includes DVD, Youtube video, Streaming service, etc. Add other contributors as needed, such as performers. Be sure to add their roles as needed. |
| Multi-volume work | 1. Author First and Last Name, Book Title, ed. First and Last Name, Total # of volumes vols. (Place of Publication: Publisher, Years), page number. 2. Last Name, Short Title, page number. | Author Last Name, First Name. Book Title. Edited by Editor First and Last Name. # of vols. Place of Publication: Publisher, Years. |
| Musical score | 1. Composer First and Last Name, Score Title, ed. or arr. First and Last Name (Place of Publication: Publisher, Year), Page Number, m. [measure no.]. 2. Last Name, Short Score Title, Page Number. | Composer Last Name, First Name. Score Title. Edited or Arranged by First and Last Name. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year. |
| Newsletter | See gray literature entry. | |
| Newspaper (hardcopy, or online) | Hardcopy: 1. Author First and Last Name, “Title of Article,” Newspaper Name, Date, Page Range. 2. Author Last Name, “Shortened Article Title,” Page Range. Online: 4. Author Last Name, “Shortened Article Title,” Page Range. | Hardcopy: Author Last Name, First Name. “Title of Article.” Newspaper Name, Date, Page Range. Online: |
| Older work (e.g., Aristotle, Plato) | 1. Author Name, Title of Work Page/Section/Line Number. 2. Author Name, Title of Work, ed. and trans. First and Last Name, (Place of Publication, Publisher, Year), Page Range. | Author Name. Title of Work. Edited and Translated by First and Last name. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year. NB: References to classical texts are ordinarily given only in notes. They are listed in a bibliography only when the information referenced is supplied by a modern editor (e.g., the introduction to a classical text). The numbers that identify the various parts of classical works, including books, sections, and lines, remain the same in all editions, whether in the original language or in translation. |
| Personal comms (emails, letters) | 1. First and Last Name, XXX message to author, Date. | NB: Personal communications, including email and text messages and direct messages sent through social media, are usually cited in the text or in a note only; they are rarely included in a bibliography. |
| e.g. | John Smith, Email to author, April 20, 2023. | |
| Photographs (online, or in real life) | 1. Artist’s First and Last Name, Title of Artwork, Year, medium, dimension, location, Institution Name. URL if available. | Artists’ Last Name, Artist’s First Name. Title of Artwork, Year. Medium, dimension. Location, Institution Name. URL if available. |
| Play (live production) | 1. Title of Play, script by First and Last Name, music and lyrics by First and Last Name, based on …, Location, Date. 2. Short Title of Play. | NB: Cite live theatrical, artistic, musical or dance performances in your notes only, unless the work is central to your argument, in which case you can include it in your bibliography. |
| Play (script) | 1. Playwright First Name Last Name, Play Title (City: Publisher, Year), page #. 2. Last Name, Short Play Title, Page Number. | Playwright Last Name, First name. Play Title. City: Publisher, Year. |
| Podcast | 1. Host’s First and Last Name, Name of Podcast, produced by Producer Name, podcast, File Format, Running Time, URL. 2. Host Last Name, Short Podcast Name. | Host’s Last Name, First Name. Name of Podcast. Produced by Producer Name. Podcast, File Format, Running Time. URL. |
| Podcast episode | 1. Host’s First and Last Name, “Title of Podcast Episode,” Date of Episode, in Name of Podcast, produced by Producer Name, podcast, File Format, Running Time, Time, URL. 2. Host Last Name, “Short Episode Title.” NB: Time refers to the length of the episode. Use ##:## format. | Host’s Last Name, First Name. “Title of Podcast Episode.” Produced by Producer Name. Name of Podcast. Date of Episode. Podcast, File Format, Running Time. Time. URL. |
| Poetry (single author, hardcopy or online) | Online: 1. Author First and Last Name, “Title of Poem,”Title of Website, Name of Owner (if not Title of Website), Date of Copyright/modification/access, URL. 2. Last Name, “Short Title of Poem.” Hardcopy: 4. Last Name, “Short Title of Poem,” Page Number. | Online: Author's Last Name, First Name. "Title of Poem." Title of Website. Name of Owner of Website (if not Title of Website). Date of copyright/modification/access. URL. Hardcopy: |
| Poetry anthology | See Book entry if single author. See Chapter in an Edited Book entry if there is more than one author. | |
| Press release | 1. Author First and Last Name, “Press Release Title,” medium, Publication Date, URL. 2. (Shortened URL): Last Name, “Short Title.” | Author Last Name, First Name. “Press Release Title.” Medium, Publication Date. URL. |
| Radio program | 1. Title of Program, episode number, “Episode Title,” role(s) and name(s) of contributor(s), date aired, station. URL (if available online). | Title of Program, episode number, “Episode Title,” role(s) and name(s) of contributor(s), date aired, station. URL (if available online). |
| Religious text (e.g., the Qur’an, the Bible) | Bible: 1. Shortened Book Name. Chapter:Verse (Version) Qur’an: | NB: Like classical works, references to Jewish or Christian scriptures usually appear only in notes rather than in bibliographies. Note references to the Bible should include book (in abbreviated form), chapter, and verse but never a page number. A colon is used between chapter and verse. Since books and numbering are not identical in different versions, it is essential to identify which version is being cited. |
| e.g. | 1. 1 Thess. 4:11 (New Revised Standard Version). 2. Qur’an 87:18. | |
| Report | 1. Author First and Last Name, Title of Report, (Place of Publication: Publisher, Year), Page Number. 2. Last Name Short Title, Page Number. | Author Last Name, First Name. Title of Report. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year. |
| Shakespeare (anthology) NB: The same goes for other anthologies or collected works. | See book or chapter in an edited book as needed. | |
| Shakespeare (play script, sonnet) >br> NB: The same goes for plays, other classical literature, or poetry—the key will be where the work was read. | 1. Author First and Last Name, Classic Play Title, ed. Editor First Name Last Name. (City: Publisher, Year), Act#.Scene#.Line#. References are to act, scene, and line. 2. Short Play Title, Act/Scene/Line#. | Author Last Name, First Name. Classic Play Title. Edited by First Name Last Name. Edition Details. City: Publisher, Year. |
| e.g. | William Shakespeare, The Tempest, ed. Alden T. Vaughan and Virginia Mason Vaughan (London: Bloomsbury, 2011), 1.1.20–26. References are to act, scene, and line. The Tempest, 1.1.20-26 | Shakespeare, William. The Tempest. Edited by Alden T. Vaughan and Virginia Mason Vaughan. Arden Shakespeare, 3rd ser. London: Bloomsbury, 2011. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781408160183.00000045. |
| Social media post | 1. First and Last Name (@handle if available), “First 160 characters of post,” Social Media Platform Name, Date, URL. 2. Last Name, “Shortened Post Quote.” | Last Name, First Name/Organization. “First 160 characters of post.” Social Media Platform, Date. URL. NB: Citations of content shared through social media can usually be limited to the text. A note may be added if a more formal citation is needed. In rare cases, a bibliographic entry may also be appropriate. In place of a title, quote up to the first 160 characters of the post. Comments are cited in reference to the original post. |
| Social media profile page | NB: CMoS has no clear guidance on this source type. See above Social Media Post entry for guidance. | |
| Speech (transcript) | Online: 1. Speaker First and Last Name, “Title of Speech” (speech, Location of Speech, Date of Speech), Website Name, URL. 2. Last Name, “Short Title of Speech.” In Print: 4. Last Name, “Short Title of Speech,” Page Number. | Online: Speaker Last Name, First Name. “Title of Speech.” Speech, Location of Speech, Date of Speech. Website Name. URL. In Print: |
| Standards | 1. Title of Standard, standard number or identifier (place of publication [if known]: publishing body, date issued), URL (if standard was consulted online). 2. Short Title of Standard. | Full Name of Issuing Organization. Title of Standard. Standard number or identifier. Place of Publication (if known): issuing organization, date of issue. URL (if standard was accessed online). |
| Statistics (derived data) | Online: 1. Author/Organization, “Title of Statistical Information,” accessed Date, URL. 2. Author Last Name/Organization, “Shortened Title.” In Print: 4. Last Name/Organization, “Short Title,” Page Number. | Online: Author Last Name, First Name/Organization. “Title of Statistical Information.” Accessed Date. URL. In Print: |
| Statute or Act (UK) | 1. Statute Short Title, Year(s), Regnal Year(s) Monarch’s Ordinal # (if any) c. # (jurisdiction abbreviation if needed). | NB: Legal publications are only cited in the notes. CMoS defers to The Bluebook for legal citations. |
| e.g. | 1. Act of Settlement, 1701, 12 & 13 Will. 3, c. 2. 2. Consolidated Fund Act, 1963, c. 1 (Eng.). 3. Manchester Corporation Act, 1967, c. xl. | |
| Statute or Act (US) | 1. Title number U.S.C. § section number year of code. 2. Name of Statute § number, title number U.S.C. § section number year of code. | NB: Legal publications are only cited in the notes. CMOS defers to The Bluebook for legal citations. |
| e.g. | 1. 42 U.S.C. § 1983. 2. National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 § 102, 42 U.S.C. § 4332. | |
| Translated book | 1. Author First and Last Name, Title of Book, trans. Translator First and Last Name (Place of Publication: Publisher, Year), Page Range. 2. Author Last Name, Title of Book, Page Range. | Author Last Name, First Name. Title of Book. Translated by Translator First and Last Name. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year. |
| TV series | 1. Series title, season #, episode #, “Episode title,” directed by First name Last name, written by First name Last name, featuring First name Last name, aired Month Day, Year of original air date, in broadcast syndication, Distributor of medium, copyright year of medium, format, time stamp. 2. “Short Title,” time stamp. | Last name, First name of main contributor, job title. Series title. Season #, episode #, “Episode title.” Other contributors. Aired Month Day, Year of original air date, in broadcast syndication. Distributor of medium, copyright year of medium, format. |
| Video (online) | 1. Author First and Last Name, “Title of Video,” filmed Date at filming location, video, time., URL. 2. Last Name, “Shortened Video Title.” | Author Last Name, First Name. “Title of Video.” Filmed Date at filming location. Video, time. URL. NB: Time should be in ##:## format. |
| Webinar | 1. Presenter First and Last Name, “Title of Webinar,” (webinar, Publisher, Broadcast location, Date, year), URL. 2. Presenter Last Name, “Short Webinar Title.” | Presenter Last Name, First Name. “Title of Webinar. Webinar from Publisher, Broadcast location, Date, year. URL. |
| Website content (e.g., a webpage) | 1. First and Last Name, “Webpage Title,” Website Name, Date/Accessed Date, URL. 2. Publisher Last Name/Organization, “Shortened Webpage Title.” NB: Date should say “acessed” if using an access date. | Organization/Last Name, First Name. “Webpage Title.” Website Name. Date/Accessed Date. URL. NB: It is often sufficient simply to describe web pages and other website content in the text (“As of May 1, 2017, Yale’s home page listed . . .”). For a source that does not list a date of publication or revision, include an access date. |
| White paper (published or unpublished) | 1. Author Name/Organization, Title of White Paper. Page Number, Year, URL. 2. Author Last Name/Organization Name, Title of White Paper, Page Number. | Author Name/Organization. Title of White Paper. Page Number. Year. URL. |
| Working paper | 1. Author First and Last Name, “Title of Working Paper,” (working paper, Place of Publication: Publisher, Year), Page Number. 2. Last Name “Short Title,” Page Number. | Author Last Name, First Name. “Title of Working Paper.” Working Paper, Place of Publication: Publisher, Year. NB: Add all available information so that the source can be found. Don’t worry if some information is missing. |
| Yearbooks and Almanacs | 1. Title of Yearbook (Place of Publication: Publisher, Year[s]), page number, published annually, also available at URL. 2. (Shortened Title): Title of Yearbook, page number. | Title of Yearbook. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year(s). Published annually. Also available at URL. |
